Iodine is a problem that troubles many people.
In recent years, due to the widespread use of iodized salt, iodine deficiency has become relatively rare. However, not only does iodine deficiency harm our health, but excessive iodine can also affect thyroid function. And in recent years, there has been considerable controversy regarding whether or not iodine supplementation is necessary for thyroid diseases.
How much iodine is needed?
Iodine is present in very small amounts in our bodies, only 5-20 mg, but these few milligrams of iodine play an important role in our growth and development and in maintaining normal physiological functions.
The World Health Organization recommends a daily iodine intake of 90 to 150 micrograms. Infants under 5 years old should limit their daily intake to around 90 micrograms; children aged 6 to 12 years can consume 120 micrograms daily; and those over 12 years old need 150 micrograms daily. Pregnant and breastfeeding women need to increase their iodine intake to around 250 micrograms daily.
Why do pregnant and lactating women have increased iodine requirements?
During pregnancy and lactation, a woman's hormone levels and bodily functions change, leading to an increase in glomerular filtration rate and consequently, increased urinary iodine excretion. Furthermore, the fetus also requires iodine, increasing the mother's total iodine requirement by approximately 50%. The World Health Organization recommends that pregnant women consume about 220 to 250 micrograms of iodine daily, while lactating women require an even higher intake of 250 to 290 micrograms per day.
If iodine supplementation is neglected, iodine deficiency can lead to diseases such as hypothyroidism. Pregnant women are more prone to miscarriage or stillbirth, or the fetus may develop cretinism. After birth, the baby may have intellectual disabilities, growth retardation, deafness, strabismus, neuromotor dysfunction, and other symptoms.
How should pregnant and breastfeeding women supplement iodine?
To maintain normal physiological functions and ensure the healthy growth and development of the fetus, pregnant and breastfeeding women should ensure adequate iodine intake. In addition to iodized salt, they can also choose to eat iodine-rich seafood such as seaweed and kelp.
However, it is important to note that iodine supplementation should be done in moderation, and the daily intake should not exceed 600 micrograms.
